
Komplekse tal og vekselstrøm
1
Komplekse tal og vekselstrøm
Indholdsfortegnelse:
Indledning: ..................................................................................................................................................... 2
Indledning til komplekse tal: ......................................................................................................................... 2
Legemer og deres regneregler:....................................................................................................................... 3
Det komplekse tals legeme: ........................................................................................................................... 4
Rektangulær repræsentation af de komplekse tal: ......................................................................................... 6
Tallet i:....................................................................................................................................................... 6
R
C: ..................................................................................................................................................... 6
Regning med rektangulært præsenterede komplekse tal: .......................................................................... 7
Komplekse tal i planen: ................................................................................................................................. 7
Geometrisk fortolkning af addition og subtraktion:................................................................................... 8
Modulus og argument: ............................................................................................................................... 8
Multiplikation og division af komplekse tal vha. modulus og argument: ............................................. 9
Den komplekse naturlige eksponentialfunktion: ......................................................................................... 10
Komplekse funktioner:............................................................................................................................. 10
Den reelle naturlige eksponentialfunktion:.............................................................................................. 10
Den komplekse eksponentialfunktion med imaginært argument: ........................................................... 11
Den komplekse eksponentialfunktion:..................................................................................................... 12
Polær repræsentation af komplekse tal: ................................................................................................... 12
Den komplekse naturlige logaritme:........................................................................................................ 13
Generelt om vekselstrøm: ............................................................................................................................ 13
Kredskomponenter:...................................................................................................................................... 15
Resistor: ................................................................................................................................................... 16
Induktor:................................................................................................................................................... 16
Kapacitor:................................................................................................................................................. 17
Seriel og parallel kobling af komponenter:.................................................................................................. 19
RL- og RC-kreds.......................................................................................................................................... 20
Rapport om eksperimentel undersøgelse af faseforskydning i RL- og RC-kredse:................................. 20
RLC-kreds:................................................................................................................................................... 23
Rapport om eksperimentel undersøgelse af resonans i RLC-kreds: ........................................................ 24
Konklusion:.................................................................................................................................................. 25
Litteraturliste:............................................................................................................................................... 25
Complex numbers and alternating current, mathematics and physics
This paper introduces the complex numbers and examines the usefulness of them in different AC-
circuits. Quantities of AC voltage and current must reflect both phase shift and amplitude.
Mathematical operations of these quantities must therefore be suited for this task of representing
amplitude and phase.
This paper is prepared by the use of experimental mathematics and empirical experiments which is
available for reproduction. The paper describes the aspects of complex numbers which is necessary to
introduce complex numbers in polar form. The polar form is afterwards used to represent quantities of
AC voltage and current. By using these quantities, formulas of phase shift and impedance are
deduced. Trough experiments it is shown that those statements are true.
Therefore it is found that complex numbers are useful in calculations in AC circuits.